Modeling Weather Conditions Consequences on Road Trafficking Behaviors

We provide a model to understand how adverse weather conditions modify traffic flow dynamic. We first prove that the microscopic Free Flow Speed of the vehicles is changed and then provide a rule to model this change. For this, we consider a thresholded linear model, corresponding to an application of a MARS model to road trafficking. This model adapts itself locally to the whole road network and provides accurate unbiased forecasted speed using live or short term forecasted weather data information

Techno-economic and environmental survey of an industrial gasification and methanation plant for the production of synthetic methane from tyre crumb

International audienceA new potential industrial pathway to valorise rubber from worn tyres into syntheticmethane is assessed via a techno-economic and environmental analysis. In this process, tyre crumbis firstly gasified in an Entrained Flow Reactor (EFR), which produces syngas that is furtheradjusted to a H$_2$/CO ratio of 3, cleaned and finally reacted in a methanation reactor to producesynthetic methane. An industrial-scale gasifier (2.5 t/h) was modelled and all other elementary stepsof the plant scaled accordingly. Two different pathways were considered: the first one, wherebythe syngas adjustment is conducted by a Water Gas Shift (WGS) reactor, and a second one in whichH$_2$ produced by an electrolyser is added to the gas stream. Both pathways were shown to have asimilar global energy yield, whilst the electrified process demonstrated a significant improvementof carbon use (89 % vs. 35 %). The specific CO$_2$ content of the synthetic methane reached 400kg/MWh$_{LHV}$ and 227 kg/MWh$_{LHV}$ for the pathway with WGS and the electrolyser, respectively.Finally the Levelised Cost Of methane (LCO$_{CH4}$) was estimated to be equal to 105 €/MWh synthetic fuel, waste valorisation, electrolysis, carbon assessment for the pathway with WGS and 18€/MWh$_{HHV}$ for the pathway with the electrolyser

Techno-economic and environmental survey of an industrial gasification and methanation plant for the production of synthetic methane from tyre crumb

International audienceA new potential industrial pathway to valorise rubber from worn tyres into syntheticmethane is assessed via a techno-economic and environmental analysis. In this process, tyre crumbis firstly gasified in an Entrained Flow Reactor (EFR), which produces syngas that is furtheradjusted to a H$_2$/CO ratio of 3, cleaned and finally reacted in a methanation reactor to producesynthetic methane. An industrial-scale gasifier (2.5 t/h) was modelled and all other elementary stepsof the plant scaled accordingly. Two different pathways were considered: the first one, wherebythe syngas adjustment is conducted by a Water Gas Shift (WGS) reactor, and a second one in whichH$_2$ produced by an electrolyser is added to the gas stream. Both pathways were shown to have asimilar global energy yield, whilst the electrified process demonstrated a significant improvementof carbon use (89 % vs. 35 %). The specific CO$_2$ content of the synthetic methane reached 400kg/MWh$_{LHV}$ and 227 kg/MWh$_{LHV}$ for the pathway with WGS and the electrolyser, respectively.Finally the Levelised Cost Of methane (LCO$_{CH4}$) was estimated to be equal to 105 €/MWh synthetic fuel, waste valorisation, electrolysis, carbon assessment for the pathway with WGS and 18€/MWh$_{HHV}$ for the pathway with the electrolyser

First human rabies case in French Guiana, 2008: epidemiological investigation and control.

International audienceUntil 2008, human rabies had never been reported in French Guiana. On 28 May 2008, the French National Reference Center for Rabies (Institut Pasteur, Paris) confirmed the rabies diagnosis, based on hemi-nested polymerase chain reaction on skin biopsy and saliva specimens from a Guianan, who had never travelled overseas and died in Cayenne after presenting clinically typical meningoencephalitis.Molecular typing of the virus identified a Lyssavirus (Rabies virus species), closely related to those circulating in hematophagous bats (mainly Desmodus rotundus) in Latin America. A multidisciplinary Crisis Unit was activated. Its objectives were to implement an epidemiological investigation and a veterinary survey, to provide control measures and establish a communications program. The origin of the contamination was not formally established, but was probably linked to a bat bite based on the virus type isolated. After confirming exposure of 90 persons, they were vaccinated against rabies: 42 from the case's entourage and 48 healthcare workers. To handle that emergence and the local population's increased demand to be vaccinated, a specific communications program was established using several media: television, newspaper, radio.This episode, occurring in the context of a Department far from continental France, strongly affected the local population, healthcare workers and authorities, and the management team faced intense pressure. This observation confirms that the risk of contracting rabies in French Guiana is real, with consequences for population educational program, control measures, medical diagnosis and post-exposure prophylaxis

Chronology of potentially at-risk rabies exposures listed for the rabies case, French Guiana, 2008.

<p>Chronology of potentially at-risk rabies exposures listed for the rabies case, French Guiana, 2008.</p

Flow diagram of the procedure for selecting people requiring post-exposure prophylaxis.

<p>Flow diagram of the procedure for selecting people requiring post-exposure prophylaxis.</p

Distribution of exposed individuals, and those vaccinated within the rabies case's contacts, French Guiana, 2008.

1<p>Number of confirmed exposed people/number of suspected exposed persons.</p>2<p>Number of immunized people/number of confirmed exposed persons.</p

Le Maghreb

Ce numéro de Perspective est consacré au Maghreb et aux histoires de l’art qui s’y pratiquent comme aux études et aux travaux que suscitent son patrimoine et sa création contemporaine à l’échelle internationale. Ainsi la revue poursuit-elle son projet : proposer régulièrement des numéros thématiques dont la géographie est le point d’ancrage, tout en se détournant, pour la première fois, de l’État-nation au profit d’un territoire à une autre échelle, dont il faut – encore plus qu’ailleurs ? – définir le sens selon les périodes envisagées et selon les sujets abordés. Cette gageure est aussi une occasion pour Perspective d’éprouver l’opportunité des catégories traditionnelles de l’histoire de l’art. Sur ce plan, le numéro présente, entre autres, des voix de personnalités, à l’instar de Rachida Triki, Kader Attia et Yto Barrada, mais aussi des articles collectifs sur les questions de savoirs archéologiques au Maghreb, sur la notion de musée universel telle qu’elle s’élabore depuis la rive sud de la Méditerranée, ou encore sur la façon dont les institutions patrimoniales ont traversé les indépendances. Figurent au sommaire des articles de fond consacrés à l’architecture de l’empire almohade ou encore à l’historiographie des corans maghrébins et, sur la période contemporaine, une contribution retraçant l’histoire urbaine d’Alger. L’ornementation des livres et des manuscrits, l’Algérie de Fanon dans sa relation aux arts, l’habitation vernaculaire juive-tunisienne, les galeries et les artistes contemporains… autant d’interventions qui viennent compléter ce volume et dont la somme révèle la multiplicité des recherches en cours et à venir sur l’art et l’histoire d’Afrique du Nord. Ce numéro est en vente sur le site du Comptoir des presses d’universités. Comité de rédaction du volume Anne-Elisabeth Buxtorf, Claire Bosc-Tiessé, Eric de Chassey, Rossella Froissart, Charlotte Guichard, Béatrice Joyeux-Prunel, Thomas Kirchner, Rémi Labrusse, Anne Lafont, Johanne Lamoureux, Jean-Yves Marc, François Michaud, Zahia Rahmani, Emmanuelle Rosso, Philippe Sénéchal, Bernard Vouillou